Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are naturally occurring plant-derived carbohydrates with prebiotic characteristics and possible health advantages. FOS, which consists of short chains of fructose molecules, acts as a selectively fermentable substrate for healthy gut bacteria, boosting their development and activity in the colon.

Isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO) are prebiotic carbohydrates derived from starch through enzymatic hydrolysis and isomerization. They consist of glucose units linked by alpha-1,6 and alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds and are resistant to digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) is a type of naturally occurring carbohydrates made up of short chains of galactose molecules. GOS, known for their prebiotic qualities, acts as a selectively fermentable substrate for good gut bacteria, notably bifidobacteria, boosting their proliferation and activity in the colon.